Correlation Analysis And Descriptive Analysis Essay

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter discussed about types of study used in this research. Other than that, the population and sample have been selected in this study is public listed companies under PN17 category by Bursa Malaysia. The data will be collected through a secondary data which is the annual reports of the companies. Meanwhile, the measurement of variable also has been discussed in this research. Besides, the statistical analysis consists of four types of test which are descriptive analysis, reliability test, normality test and correlation analysis. Finally, this chapter concludes by summary of the chapter. 3.1 Type of study This study uses correlation analysis and descriptive analysis, but the main type of test that are used in this study are correlation analysis. 3.1.1 Correlation Analysis The correlation analysis are a process to examine whether there are relationship or not between dependant and independent variables (Higgins, 2005). The Pearson Correlation measures the linear association between two metric variables. The number representing the Pearson correlation is referred to as a correlation coefficient. It ranges from -1.00 to +1.00, with zero representing absolutely no association between two metric variables. While -1.00 or +1.00 is possible and represents a perfect association between two variables, it very seldom occurs. The larger the correlation coefficient, the stronger the linkage or level of association. CorrelationShow MoreRelatedThe Model Of House Prices Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthe house, the bathrooms present in the house and the age of the house as the independent variables. The sample used in the analysis has 1032 variables with zero missing values. The descriptive statistics of these variables will be obtained before the correlation of th e dependent variable and selling price of the house and the independent variables is determined. The descriptive variables that will be determined include the mean, the median, the standard deviation, variance, range, mode, the quartilesRead MoreCHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter will present a detailed description of the1200 Words   |  5 Pagesdesign, measurement and scale, data collection method and data analysis. Methodology describes the methods used to obtain the result. 3.1 Descriptive Research A descriptive study is one in which information is collected without changing the environment. In human research, a descriptive study can provide information about the naturally occurring health status, behavior, attitudes or other characteristics of a particular group. Descriptive studies are also conducted to demonstrate associations or relationshipsRead MoreAppointments And Outbound And Minutes Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesFor this analysis I have selected the variables â€Å"APPOINTMENTS†, â€Å"OUTBOUND† and â€Å"MINUTES† as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd individual variables respectively. Also the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pairs of variables I have selected for this analysis are respectively â€Å"APPOINTMENTS and OUTBOUND†, â€Å"APPOINTMENTS and MINUTES† and â€Å"MINUTES and OUTBOUND†. PART A: Exploratory Data Analysis 1. Graphical and numerical summaries for 1st individual variable, i.e. APPOINTMENTS. Descriptive Statistics: APPOINTMENTS Variable N MeanRead MoreEssay about Insurance Prospecting Methods Statistics1669 Words   |  7 Pagesthe three data sets (Lund Research Ltd, 2013). Next, she did a measure of dispersion. According to Greg Elvers, (n.d.) a measure of dispersion is descriptive statistics that describe how similar a set of scores are to each other (p. 1). Using Excel is in Table 1 Below and a correlation analysis Table 2 below, and in Appendix A. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Referrals Cold Calling Sales Leads Mean 8 4.06666667 8.0666667 Standard Error 0.966092 0.45721127 0.9467832 Median 7 3 6 Mode 9 3 6 StandardRead MoreConsumer Research Stats Case Analysis1493 Words   |  6 PagesConsumer Research, Inc. is investigating whether there is any correlation between specific characteristics of credit card users and the amount these users charge on credit cards. Their objective is to determine if these characteristics can accurately predict the annual dollar amount charged by credit card users. Data was collected from a sample of 50 credit card consumers presenting information on the annual income (referred as Income), size of household (referred as Household), and the annualRead MoreTaking a Look at Research Methodology1281 Words   |  5 Pagessampling and location, variable measurement, data collection and data analysis method. 3.1 Research Design For this research, we are using descriptive research and quantitative research. Descriptive research is a survey which objective is to produce an accurate representation of person, event or solution (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2009). Descriptive is useful in segmenting and targeting the market (Bajpai, 2011). Descriptive research provides the researchers an opportunity to use quantitativeRead MoreAnalysis Of Packaging Components And Their Influence On Consumer Buying Behavior Decision Essay827 Words   |  4 Pages1.2. Research Problem The purpose of this research is constructed on hypothetical analysis of packaging components and their influence on consumer’s buying behavior decision. This empirical study uncovers the features, which are having the eventual influence on consumer’s choice, when multiple and different choices are available. Research Questions To identify the role of packaging on consumer buying behavior decision? 1.3. Objectives of the Study †¢ To find out the effect of packaging on theRead MoreEnvironmental Concerns Of Oil And Gas Exploration, Drilling And Extraction1681 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation regarding the social-economic and environmental risks in Albertine region. It encompasses of the research design, study population, sample size and selection, sampling techniques and procedure, data collection methods and instruments, data analysis and measurement of variables. It also indicates the problems anticipated in the study. 3.1 Research Design This study will be a cross-sectional research design because it will focus on a cross-section of stakeholders affected by oil and gas explorationRead MoreCorrelation Between Land Use Land Cover And Water Quality Parameters928 Words   |  4 PagesWhy use correlation and regression in your work It is very important in selecting the right kind of statistical, presentation, and analytical methods to determine the relationships between land-use land-cover and water quality parameters. This is very important because of the issues associated with spatial autocorrelation and non-independence of sampling site that often accompany research into water quality and land use. Literally, autocorrelation is where a variable is said to be correlated withRead MoreResearch Methodology. 3.1. Introduction. This Part Will1251 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes: research design, population and sampling techniques, data source and data collection methods and finally research procedures and data analysis methods will be presented. 3.2. Research design Research design is a conceptual structure with in which research is conducted and it constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data(Kothari, 2004 ). The study will be conducted by using quantitative approach. Quantitative research used to explorer quantitative data. This

The Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) For All Americans - 971 Words

Before the 23rd of March 2010 having health insurance was optional for all Americans. On March 23rd of 2010 Obama’s health care reforms timeline began. The health care reform is also called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) for short. The affordable care act should â€Å"provide affordable, quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Healthcare). Obama’s new health care plan is forcing all Americans to get health insurance and those who don’t get health insurance will be penalized when filing taxes. The health care reform has now taken full effect on the people of the United States, so we have citizens who are excited about the reform, and we also have citizens who are upset about the reform. Do you have the right to have healthcare? Yes, now that the reform is in full effect we do have the right to have health care, but before the reform some people were cut from their health insurances because the insurance co mpany could no longer afford to pay for their medical expenses after they took sick and gained multiple hospital bills. However, Obamacare promises not to drop people from the healthcare reform if the expenses are more than the patient’s coverage. Although if someone can’t pay their monthly fee or maybe they forget to pay the premium for their health insurance, they will have to wait until the next open enrollment is available to receive coverage again, you wouldn’t be able to just go to another insurance company and get coverageShow MoreRelatedContemporary Health Care Issue: The Affordable Care Act1397 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Care Issue: The Affordable Care Act Mary Kennedy Grand Canyon University HCA 530 Healthcare Policies and Economics Professor Steve Klense Contemporary Health Care Issue: The Affordable Care Act Introduction More than 45 million Americans are uninsured. Even those that do have health insurance often face financial and other barriers when getting healthcare. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) removes most of these financial barriers (Kocher, Emanuel, amp; DeParle, 2010). The ACA guaranteesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) And Its Impact Over The Past 6 Years Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesto review the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its impact over the past 6 years. Through this paper, the Act enacted by President Obama in 2010 will be closely examined. The areas of focus in this paper are the conditions that led to reform, the key points of the ACA, and the impact the ACA has had on the country, and more specifically, the nursing profession. The first part will briefly explain the state of the country when the ACA was enacted. Later, within the key points of the ACA portion, thisRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Afforda ble Care Act â€Å"Obama Care† made the Health Care System in the United States better or worse? Please provide evidence, statistics, information, argument to support your answer. In your answer, please address the following issues in the Health Care System of the United States: 1. The Quality of health care 2. The Access to health care 3. The affordability of health care Affordable Health Care Act Affordable Health care has been an ongoingRead MoreThe U.S. Supreme Court Is The Ultimate Authority In The1634 Words   |  7 PagesSupreme Court is the ultimate authority in the American legal system and is the central institution that coordinates laws that affect the American society every day. The Supreme Court has issued verdicts on issues that involves the rights of citizens, including those of women, minorities, elderly, disabled, gays, young people, and many others. These changes have had both positive and adverse outcomes that ostensibly improve the status of the American people and defining the rights of lawbreakers.Read MoreAnalysis Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1517 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care Reform United States has recently in 2010 passed passage of national healthcare reform. â€Å"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was designed to (1) decrease the number of uninsured Americans, (2) make health insurance and health care affordable, and (3) improve health outcomes and performance of the health care system† (Feldman, Buysse, Hubner, Huffman, Loe, 2015). This national legislation known as Patient Protection and affordable Care act of 2010 (ACA) was intendedRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Or Obamacare?1655 Words   |  7 Pages The Pros and Cons of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare? Who Benefits and Who gets Hurt? Chanokporn Srisuwan, Student MBAA 605 Business, Government, and Society Mercy College School of Business- MBA Program August 04, 2016 Abstract The propose of this article is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare which make all Americans insurable, by requiring insurers to accept all applicants at rates based on populationRead MoreAffordable Health Care : Provide And Protect1026 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Health Care: Provide and Protect! As Americans, do we not have the right to provide and protect our families? The Declaration of Independence guarantees us the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In order to secure these American rights, our families need to be healthy, but unfortunately many Americans had not had the ability to obtain or pay the costs of health care insurance. Finally, in 2010, the largest overhaul of the health care system since Medicare began withRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insurance industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very impor tant roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act1712 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of the Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the 2010 health reform act that could extend insurance coverage to as many as 32 million Americans, which also included policies that affect the quality of coverage insurers must offer (Knickman Kovner, 2015). In addition to this, the ACA created a range of programs focused on furthering change in how medical care is organized and delivered, with a goal of reducing costs and improving quality and outcomesRead MoreAffordable Care Act - Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is considered to be one of the most radical health care moves in legislation after Medicare. The reason being that it will provide universal health coverage to everyone regardless of circumstance. An evaluation of ACA’s influence on health care will be evaluated in this paper. The Cost of Health Care As the new healthcare law takes effect insurance premiums are expected to rise. On average for the last six years insurances premiums have

Feminism And The Social, Political, And Economic Equality...

â€Å"Feminist: a person who believes in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.† This definition comes from the dictionary, has been used in the now famous ted talk â€Å"We Should All be Feminists† by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and even sampled in a Beyoncà © song. Despite an increase of feminist discourse in the mainstream media, American society continues to view feminism as a dirty word and feminists as radicals. These stereotypes have caused negative perceptions of women who identify as feminists. The man-hating, bra burning, angry feminist stereotype is seen as the default of feminism. This is completely contrary to the reality of feminism and furthers the oppression of women by continuing to disregard their voices. Many different ideologies fall under the umbrella of feminism but at its root, the movement is an equalizer created to bring women to the social, political, and economic level of men in our society. The media and sadly even predomi nant female celebrities continue to spread misinformation regarding feminism thus perpetuating the pre-existing negative stereotypes of feminists and the feminist movement. Strong female celebrities such as Susan Sarandon, Shailene Woodley, Demi Moore, and Madonna have all echoed that they are not feminists because while they support women feminism is too strong of a word, they do not hate men, they do not want to overpower men, or call themselves a humanist because they find the term to be less alienating. Since theShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1616 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism, or â€Å"The belief in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.† (Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell paragraph 1) was a very popular topic in Victorian fiction, and still is to this day with the first signs of feminist logic appearing in 3rd century BCE for the attempted appeal of women’s use of expensive goods, and continu ing on to the present day third wave of feminism. Throughout history, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which will never have equal rights norRead MoreFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1619 Words   |  7 PagesWuthering Heights: Feminism Feminism, or â€Å"The belief in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.† (Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell paragraph 1) was a very popular topic in Victorian fiction, and still is to this day with the first signs of feminist logic appearing in 3rd century BCE for the attempted appeal of women’s use of expensive goods, and continuing on to the present day third wave of feminism. Throughout history, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which willRead MoreFeminism Is The Belief Of Political, Economic And Social Equality Of The Sexes833 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism by: Laura Capellà ¡n Feminism is the belief in political, economic and social equality of the sexes and is one of the leading conflicts in today s society. In the past years, women had faced many battles to fight and give these rights to women who have been deprived of their rights and privileges that were never given to them by men. I believe that every person is entitled to have equal opportunities in this world. Feminism has proven to slowly accomplishing this. Even if it meantRead MoreThe Definition Of Modern Day Feminism1116 Words   |  5 PagesMegan Thompson Ms. Butters AP Language 13 November 2014 The Definition of Modern Day Feminism â€Å"Feminist: a person who believes in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.† This is what Beyonce, one of the most famous and influential Women of Color in the past decade, claims in her 2014 VMA performance, with a large, shining backdrop of the word ‘feminist’ behind her. This quickly became one of the most direct and most widely-known displays of her feminist beliefs, and Beyonce isRead MoreFeminism : A Social, Economic, And Social Equality Of The Sexes1465 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism. This seemingly harmless word can ruin or heighten a person’s reputation, it can give someone new views on the world, it can destroy relationships, it can build new ones; this single word can change lives. Most people categorize â€Å"feminism† as a code for women that tells them to hate men, not shave, burn bras, be vegan, and if there is any time left over maybe, just maybe, to fight for women’s rights. Now, there are definitely feminists that fulfill this stereotype but the vast majority ofRead MoreFeminism Is Defined As The Theory Of Political, Economic,1011 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism is defined as the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. (Definition of Feminism) and also as the organized activity on behalf of women s rights and interests. (Definition of Feminism). If one would look in-depth into Feminism they would see that there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third wave, or th e most recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true or usually use aRead MoreFeminism And Gender And Ethnic Studies1172 Words   |  5 PagesMy Interpretation of Feminism Feminism has had a deep impact on me since I was infantile. Though she never mentioned it, my mother was an active feminist. I grew up playing with toys considered to belong to either sex. I was taught to be strong and to let my emotions out, and I was given freedom to make my own identity. This was my first experience of social feminism, followed years later by learning the definition of feminism and learning to also see discrimination politically and economicallyRead MoreThe Social, Political, And Economic Equality Between The Sexes1680 Words   |  7 PagesBy definition, feminism is â€Å"the social, political, and economic equality between the sexes.† When the first wave began, proclaiming oneself as a feminist was radical. However, people knew the real meaning at that time, that is, the actual definition. In the new wave of feminism, people have come to see this word as an ugly and undesirable title. The word itself has become skewed and twisted by the people who are ag ainst the movement, giving it a negative connotation. Instead of imagining a braveRead MoreDoes Feminism Create Equality?1037 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Feminism Create Equality? Feminism is an umbrella term for people who think there is something wrong with the idea that gender has the capability to limit an individual’s social and political right. Even if there is inequality between men and women, feminism has never been the main reason to give women their civil rights. Feminism started among European activists in the 19th century, when women were not treated equally and were not elected to high positions of power. Indeed, it sought to eliminateRead MoreFeminism And The Reality Behind Feminism Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesaspect of social, political, and economic rights. Ironically the respondents agree with what feminism stands for. The confusion is the result of several negative connotations associated with the term. Such associations led to believe that feminists are â€Å"man-hating,† resulting in the comparison of the derogatory term â€Å"feminazi† first used by Rush Limbaugh. The discrepancy between the stereotypical view of fe minism and the reality behind feminism is due to the different and specific form of feminism: Radical

What are the most important considerations Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Multimedia, which is in essence a presentation of information that includes multiples media, is becoming a very important medium in learning. Multimedia learning materials have soared since the growth of internet. Yet its effective must rely on the design was tailored to cater specific audiences. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the most important considerations? or any similar topic only for you Order Now PURPOSE The purpose of this document is to present the most important considerations when designing a multimedia material for adult learners. This document also further explains these considerations. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS Overview of Considerations When designing multimedia materials for adult learners, the following important considerations should be taken into account (Lieb, 1991): 1) Adults are autonomous and self-directed. 2) Adults have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and knowledge that may include work-related activities, family responsibilities, and previous education. Generally these are established values, beliefs, and opinions. 3) Â  Adults are goal oriented 4) Â  Adults are relevance oriented and practical 5) Â  Adults should be respected Other minor factors which are not very common to all includes, low level literacy, lacking in confidence and displaying a higher level of anxiety towards academic tasks, limited problem-solving and critical thinking skills, and little or no computer-related skills. Autonomous and Self-directed Adult learners tend to be autonomous and self-directed. Thus a multimedia learning material should have the alternatives that may fit the interest of adult learners. It should not be limiting in options but rather acts as guide or facilitating control. Adults can direct themselves to specific areas of interest at a time to achieve the most efficient learning. Established Values, Beliefs, Knowledge and Opinions Adult learners experience in life has formed established values, beliefs, and opinions. Thus a multimedia learning material should take into account that new ideas and principles should be explained carefully and explicitly. The explanation should connect these ideas and principles to the established values, beliefs and opinions in order for them to understand. Otherwise they might misunderstood it and think that these are not in accordance with their previous knowledge. Goal Oriented Adults are goal oriented so that they should have a purpose in every module or chapter. The multimedia learning material should clear the objective at the start. Without a goal, adult learners tend to loose their interest because to them life experience has taught them that life is all about goals. The multimedia learning material should provide them an organized layout of the content at the start. Relevance oriented and Practical Adult learners seek relevance of studies in their daily lives. They need to understand the practical purpose of these lessons. Thus multimedia learning materials should relate the ideas to real world scenarios where they offer a certain level of use. Respect The most important to all of this is respect. Multimedia learning materials should not try to break the respect by overdoing with jokes to ignite interest. CONCLUSION Multimedia products should take into consideration the that adult learners are autonomous, have establish values and opinions, goal oriented, relevance oriented, practical and needs respect in order for these products to be effective. References Lieb, S (1991). Principles of Adult Learning. Retrieved from the BALS website: http://balsontheweb.wikispaces.com/Adult+Learning?responseToken=a02492aded209b11678103756fc3f32b , January 17, 2007 How to cite What are the most important considerations?, Essay examples

Strategic Management & Business Analysis-Samples for Students

Question: Using an organisation that has been in the news in the past two years, apply and critically evaluate how each of the following theoretical concepts Influences Strategic Management Practices in that Organisation. Answer: Introduction: Toyota is one of the leading business organizations in the automobile industry. Toyota has been started its journey in 1937 in the industry. Soon it has secured the leading position in the industry by its innovative and unique practices. The organization has witnessed rapid growth since past few years, which reflects the innovative strategic management quality of the Toyota authority. Being one of the oldest and renowned business organizations, Toyota has put significant impact on the business world. It is not easy to maintain coordination with the different parts of world. Thus, the leaders play a crucial role to manage the organizational service (toyota-global.com, 2017). The following report has articulated on the Toyotas organizational management that influences the growth of the organization. Analysis: Strategic management plays crucial role in earning desired success for every business organization. In this competitive era, where every business organization is incorporating modern and effective techniques to stimulate the growth of the organization, strategic management is known as the primary success factor for the organization, as it is impossible to run any business organization without efficient management (Jenkins Williamson, 2015). Concept of Strategic Management: It has been argued that strategic management is mainly based on three key stages that help the business organization to earn success to some extent, such as- formulation of strategy, implementation of those strategy and strategy evaluation (Percy Elliott, 2016). Step One: Strategy formulation is the primary stage that plays important role in the growth of the organization. In this stage, organizational management, designs organizational strategies and policies after analysing various aspects of the organization. Step Two: The next stage is implementation of the strategy. In this stage, management and other members of the organization implement the designed strategy in the organizational structure. The organizational management must ensure that all the internal stakeholders of the organization are flexible enough to accept it. Otherwise, it will not be easy for the authority to implement the strategy. In order to influence the internal and external stakeholders to adopt the strategies, the management must provide a transparent idea about the objective of the leaders to incorporate these strategies (Ruff, 2015). Step Three: The last stage of strategic management is to evaluate the result of the strategies. This stage helps the management to avoid many future risks. By evaluating the result of the strategies, the leaders of the organization can understand whether the employees have accepted the strategy or not. At the same time, they will be able to monitor whether the strategy is working properly or not. They can identify the loopholes as well and rectify it. This will be beneficial for the organization to earn the long-term organizational goal. Michael Porter has enlightened three key aspects of strategic management that needs creating unique and innovative strategies, managing the quality of the product and adopt suitable strategies to fit in the market trend. This theory plays significant part in the growth of the business organization, as it helps the organization to shape their organizational structure according to the market trend. It helps the organization to carry out any new business venture in an appropriate manner (Smith, 2014). It has been claimed in reports that strategic management involves the evaluation of external and internal atmosphere of the business company (Rothaermel, 2015). While constructing the strategies of the organization, it is important for the business authority to analyse external and internal environment of the company as it puts significant impact on the performance of the business organization. The structure of the business environment has been transformed drastically in past few decades due to the arrival of several rival organization and globalization. The competitive environment of the market has been enhanced. Hence, in order to put a strong impact on the market, it is essential for the organizational leaders to understand the key features of the market and the requirement and preference of the clients. Otherwise, it may face various difficulties to survive in the competition. Implementation of Strategic Management in Toyota: Toyota management has followed all the path of the strategic management while designing their organizational structure. Toyota is mainly run by a team of experienced and skilled leaders who aim at embracing innovative techniques to provide quality and flawless service to the consumers. Their primary objective is to meet the expectation level of the target market. In order to achieve the target, they incorporate all kind of modern and innovative strategies that will be suitable for the organizational growth. There are some key aspects of the organizational structure of Toyota that can be described to provide a vivid idea about the strategic management of Toyota authority (Peppers Rogers, 2016): Toyota management always maintains healthy relation with all the suppliers, distributors and other participants of the supply chain. Being a world famous business organization, Toyota maintains a strong and transparent supply chain. It is one of the major success factors of the organization (Stead Stead, 2013). Toyota is known for carrying out innovative business venture. In 1970, Toyota has brought revolution in the automobile industry by starting the production of fuel-efficient small car. Recently it has started the manufacture of electric car, which is beneficial to get rid of air pollution and global warming (Morden, 2016). The organizational leaders of Toyota always maintain a healthy relation with the external and internal stakeholders. At the same time, they maintain culture and value within the organization. It has been evident in many incidents that organization has stood by the side of his employees and provided all kind of monetary and moral support to them, as they are aware of the fact that employees are the potential strengths of the business organization. The growth of the organization is mainly relied on the performance of the employees. Unique, teamwork and respect these are the basic features of the Toyota organization. These are the major weapons of the organization that plays major role in establishing bright future of the organization. Lean management is another result of innovative initiative of Toyota management. They always encourage their employees to actively participate in the organizational function and improve their performance quality. Toyota is operated and managed by the some basic principles that are considered as the strength of the organization, such as- management must be aware of long-term goal of the organization, every problems needs to be addressed and resolved immediately, innovative and trustworthy techniques needs to be embraced always, management needs to consider all the aspects of the organization while designing the organizational structure (Kaynak, Mockler Dologite, 2014). As per the discussion, it can be stated that the style of management of the Toyota authority is highly influenced by the previous mentioned theory and concepts. These concepts have led the authority to operate the organizational function in an appropriate manner. Recommendations: Although, the organizational infrastructure of Toyota has been constructed in a innovative and lucrative manner, there are some loopholes that can be harmful for the brand image of Toyota. To avoid these factors it can be recommended- The organizational management must be aware of their responsibilities and they must not blame their employees for any kind of loss. It is evident in many cases. It has been evident recently, Toyota has experienced various challenges due to the inefficient performance of the crisis management team. Leaders need to appoint some skilled employees who can support the growth of the organization by their effective performance. The organizational management must appoint some skilled engineers who can serve the organization by their experience and practices, as it is evident recently Toyota has faced massive crisis due to the poor product quality and manufacturing fault. Conclusion: Thus, it can conclude that Toyota has set a milestone for others by following all the aspects of effective strategic management. To avoid other loopholes in the organizational structure, it needs to appoint skilled staff members and shares organizational objective with them and motivates them to perform in an appropriate manner. Reference: Jenkins, W., Williamson, D. (2015).Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Kaynak, E., Mockler, R., Dologite, D. G. (2014).Multinational strategic management: an integrative entrepreneurial context-specific process. Routledge. Morden, T. (2016).Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Peppers, D., Rogers, M. (2016).Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Percy, L., Elliott, R. H. (2016).Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Ruff, F. (2015). The advanced role of corporate foresight in innovation and strategic managementReflections on practical experiences from the automotive industry.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101, 37-48. Smith, W. K. (2014). Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), 1592-1623. Stead, J. G., Stead, W. E. (2013).Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. toyota-global.com. (2017).toyota-global.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com

Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation Essay Example

Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation Paper For instance, on the supply side, traffic flow, speed, composition, frequency of stopping and starting, road gradient and surface. When considering the affected side, the factors like proximity to road, type of land use and time of day, also affect the generation of traffic noise. 1. 2 Purpose of the Study The main purpose of the study is to assess and find out the variations in traffic noise level under Stop-Go situations. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study The objectives of this study are: * To determine the level of noise due to vehicle Start. * To determine the level of noise due to vehicle Stop. To assess variations in traffic nose level under Stop-Go situations. 1. Study Area The study area is an intersection where is located along Persian Tama road. The intersection is signaled and it is located at Saudi Town. Saudi Town is located within the Juror Barr District and it is between the Sinai and Juror Barr City Centre. It is under administrative of Juror Barr Central Municipal Council. Figure 1-1 shows the location Of study area. Figure 1 ;1: Study Area. 1. 5 Scope of the Study The scope of this study is mainly focused on the assessment level of noise under Stop-Go situations. The study area is intersection where is tied Persian Tama road with Persian Tama 1 road. The collected data are Noise level. The instrument that has been used to collect data is a survey. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Introduction Stop-and-Go or more generally interrupted traffic is one of traffic phenomena being controlled by traffic signals at intersections. The prediction of traffic noise level in such the area needs the characteristic of traffic flow in conjunction with noise emission level of each vehicle type. The movement characteristic of traffic at an intersection can be forecasted using traffic flow horses whereas noise emission level is obtained from field measurement data. This study aiming at the collection of stop and go noise emission level which indeed relates to the level of noise pollution received by student and teacher at Seakale Meghan Sebastian Minutia Rind. As the school is located at a busy intersection, noise pollution in the school environment is expected to disturb the activities in school such as study, discussion and teaching session. We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, the environmental assessment of traffic noise at intersections near the school is measured. 2. Noise 2. 2. 1 Definition of Noise people who study acoustics define noise as complex sound waves that are periodic, in other words, sound waves with irregular vibrations and no definite pitch. In engineering, noise is defined as a signal that interferes with the detection of or quality of another signal. In fact, it is difficult to recognize the noise sound from others. For Instance, Is music noise? Is the hum of tires on a highway noise? Is the surround-sound movie theater noise? Is the philharmonic concert noise? And what about the accompanying beat for aerobic exercises at the health club? Sounds that are soothing for some are irritating to others. Basically, noise is unwanted sound. It is a pollutant and a hazard to human health and hearing. Noise is one of the environmental pollutants which create interference in communication and health (Augural and swami 2009; Pratt and Nagasaki 2007; Apathy et al. AAA). It an environmental stress which has received much attention in the past (Zinnia et al. 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) considered noise as the third most hazardous type of pollution right after air and water pollutions (WHO 2005). People exposed to high-level noise may be affected in en or more of three ways: health, performance, and comfort (Media and Outshone 2001). Research regarding urban noise pollution and its consequences for the community has been studied by several countries (Apathy et al. Bibb; Kumar and Gain 1998; All 2004 Oshkosh et al. 1999). The most obvious effect of noise is damage to hearing ability, which may be temporary or permanent depending on the exposure time (Immemorial al. 2002;Hyssop and Aisha 2005). Similar study that focused on the behavior of human beings exposed to traffic noise was carried out in Canada by Michael et al. (2008). Generally, motor vehicles, which are a very significant part Of the urban environment, are an important source of noise emission, contributing 55% to the total noise (Bannered et al. 008; Naira et al. 2003). 2. 2. 2 Unit of Noise Noise levels are measured in decibels (db). The higher the decibel level, the louder the noise. The decibel (db) is a logarithmic unit for the ratio of a physical quantity, usually power or intensity relative to a specified or implied reference level. A ratio in decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities. Being a ratio of two measurements of a hysterical quantity in the same units, it is a dimensionless unit. A decibel is one tenth of a bell, a seldom-used unit. The decibel is widely known as a measure of sound pressure level, but is also used for a wide variety of other measurements in science and engineering, most prominently in acoustics, electronics, and control theory. In electronics, the gain of amplifiers, attenuation of signals, and signal to noise ratios are often expressed in decibels. It confers a number of advantages, such as the ability to conveniently represent very large or small numbers, a logarithmic scaling hat roughly corresponds to the human perception of sound and light, and the ability to carry out multiplication of ratios by simple addition and subtraction. . 2. 3 Noise Measurement Unit used to measure sound pressure level is decibel (db). Sound can also measured using Pascal (Pa) but measurement in Pascal would therefore quite unmanageable numbers. The decibel scale is simple and easy to use without involving long linear numbers. Decibel also gives a much better approximation of the response of human ear to loudness. With every unit of decibel it must be included a weighting network at the end of it. This weighting network used to differentiate sound based on its frequency. There are three categories of weighting system that is always used, that is A,B and C. The difference between weighting network between ABA and C are A discriminates against the low frequencies. 8 also discriminates against the low frequencies but to a lesser extent, and C to the least extent. There is also a D weighting but it is used to measure noise from airplanes. In this study, the weighting network of A will be used because its characteristic is almost the same as characteristics of human ear. Instrument used to measure noise bevel at source is sound level meter. The unit used in this instrument is decibel. Sound level meter is design to react with sound is similar to reaction with human ear. The difference is that the sound measured by this instrument will be processed and changed into numbers for interpretation purposes. Sound level meter consist of microphone, amplifier, network weighting (A,B, and C) and a meter. Microphone is an important part of the instrument. The sound will enter the sound level meter through microphone and the acoustic energy of sound will be transferred into electric signal by microphone. After all the transformations have been completed the meter will process the input data in decibel values. 2. 3 Classification of the Noise Levels Both the amount of noise and the length of time you are exposed to the noise determine its ability to damage your hearing. Noise levels are measured in decibels (db). The higher the decibel level, the louder the noise. Sounds louder than 80 decibels are considered potentially hazardous. The noise figure below gives an idea of average decibel levels for everyday sounds around you. Painful 150 db rock music peak 140 db = firearms, air raid siren, jet engine 30 db = jackhammer 120 db jet plane take-off, amplified rock music at 4-6 Ft. , car stereo, band practice Extremely Loud 110 db = rock music, model airplane 1 06 db = timpani and bass drum rolls 1 00 db = snowmobile, chain saw, pneumatic drill 90 db = lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, subway Very Loud 80 db = alarm clock, busy street 70 db busy traffic, vacuum cleaner 60 db = conversation, dishwasher Moderate 50 db = moderate rainfall 40 db = quiet room Faint 30 db = whish per, quiet library 2. Noise Pollution at School Environment Schools surrounding are the place that is considered as noise abatement zone. School environment especially located in busy area has a high rate of noise pollution. There are many new schools built near roadways in residential areas without noticing the impact of traffic activities to the school environment. Noise pollution at school environment is due to many sources. It depe nds on where the school is built. A school which is located near the city center has a very high noise pollution range because it has many sources that will lead to noise pollution. In this study area, Seakale Meghan Sebastian Minutia Rind which is located at intersection with traffic signal has the potential of Ewing noise polluted as the intersection normally congested during peak hour with many types of vehicle pass through the road. Noise from vehicles especially motorcycle, buses and trucks are very annoying and disturbing. 2. 4. 1 Effect of Noise Research being done by Snobbery (1 974), he has determine some effects of noise pollution to school students , such as : 1. They did not hear the teacher as well 2. They found it more difficult to hear lectures and classroom discussion 3. It was more difficult to study 4. They felt it was necessary to talk loudly in class in order to be heard 5. Some teachers have to speak too loudly and 6. Outside noise bothered them Much of the research on noise and children concerns damage to the auditory system. While the possibility of hearing damage is, and should be, of concern to parents and educators, the non-auditory effects of noise on children also deserves attention. The literature on the latter topic falls into three categories; physiological effects, motivational effects, and cognitive effects. 2. 4. 1. 1 Physiological effects An elevated blood pressure level in school-aged children is associated with living or going to school near a major noise source (e. . , Stop and go, traffic light, trains). Although the blood pressure levels of children exposed to these major noise sources are within the normal range, they are higher than for children not exposed to major noise sources. Refereed to the previous statistic, the elevated blood pressure levels are of concern for two reasons. One, the levels do not habituate with continued exposure, and two, elevated pressure levels in children appear to continue this pattern into adulthood thereby increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease. In each case the noise exposure was chronic. 2. 4. 1. 2 Motivational effects Research findings suggest that exposure to uncontrollable noise may make children more vulnerable to learned helplessness. Learned helplessness means that the individual learns that the outcomes of its behavior are independent of the actions of the individual. Most of this research has been with school-aged children, including kindergà ¤rtners. One study found that children attending a school near a major airport were less likely to solve a challenging puzzle and to persist at it as well. Another study found that children exposed to noise were more likely to abdicate their choice for a reward to their teachers. The children decided to let the adult pick a prize for them rather than exercise their option to do so. Teachers in noisy schools also report greater difficulty in motivating children in their school work. Children often had less tolerance for frustration. Limited work has been done with younger children. One study in a residential setting found that 12 month- old infants in noisy homes exhibited less mastery-oriented play behavior with their toys than their counterparts in quieter homes. 2. 4. 1. 3 Cognitive effects Most of the research on the non-auditory effects of noise on children has been on cognitive effects. The research has looked at memory, attention/ perception, and academic achievement. The study on memory and noise for children parallels that of adults; there appears to be little or no effects of noise on simple memory. This holds true for both chronic and acute exposure to noise. However, if the memory task requires special attention there does appear to be some negative effects of noise. In other words, if the individual has to pay particular attention because of the difficulty of the task, noise may interfere with the memory task. 2. 4. 2 Ways to Reduce Noise Problem in Schools Environment Research done by Slater (1968) proved that student will perform better under quiet condition than noisy condition. Noise pollution in school environment disturbs during study session. Students cannot concentrate with what they are learning and consequently they will lose their interest to study. Searchers also cannot teach effectively during teaching session. This is due to uncomfortable classrooms conditions that the students cannot hear their voice clearly and the student will hardly understand what the teacher is trying to teach. There are many ways to reduce noise pollution problem from getting worst specially in school environment : 1. Construct a school building tha t has sound insulation system 2. Construct sound barrier such as high fence made from concrete wall of wood 3. Planting more trees in the schools surrounding 4. A good planning before building school 5. Stop or remove the noise 6. Society awareness about the noise problem 7. A strict laws concerning noise pollution and 8. Speed limit for road users near school surrounding 2. 5 Characteristics of Noise Waves Noise or sound is created by alternate compression and decompression of particles of the air. This causes the air pressure to fall and rise in the form of waves. Frequency (pitch) and intensity (loudness) are the two characteristics of sound. 2. 5-1 Frequency Frequency is the number of times that the air is compressed and decompressed in a second, and is measured in cycles per second, or Hertz (Haze). Low frequency produces a low pitched, bass sound. High frequency produces a high pitched, whistle sound. Human ears respond to frequencies between GHz and 20,GHz. The human voice produces frequencies between GHZ and 2,OOZE. Below GHZ and above 20,000 HAZE sound cannot be heard but it can still be harmful. The ear is most sensitive to sounds between 1000 and GHz. 2. 5. 2 Intensity Intensity is the amount of sound energy reaching the eardrum, and is measured in decibels (db). Zero decibels is the faintest sound that the average person can hear, and the loudest sound may be more than a million times this level. This is because the intensity of sound does not rise gradually each increase of 10 decibels means that the intensity increases 1 0 times. For example, a 10 decibel sound is 10 times louder than a 1 decibel sound; a 20 decibel sound is 100 times louder than a 1 decibel sound (xx); 30 Seibel are 1000 times louder (10x10x10), and so on. The ear responds to intensities from O to db. Discomfort is felt at db, and near db, pain is felt with possible rupture and permanent damage to the eardrum. Some noise intensity measurements are given in a measure called db(A) which takes into account the frequency sensitivity of the ear. db(A) measurements are obtained on a noise meter which weights the different frequency components. For example, the noise intensity for a circular saw, and the noise intensity inside a bus have the same value when expressed in db. But the noise from a circular saw contains a greater proportion of high frequencies, and is more annoying than the noise inside a bus. Therefore, the circular saw has a higher db(A) value. 2. Main Traffic Noise Sources Noise sources associated with transportation projects can include passenger vehicles, medium trucks, heavy trucks and buses. Each of these vehicles produces noise; however, the source and magnitude of the noise can vary greatly depending on vehicle type. For example, while the nose from passenger vehicles occurs mainly from the tire-roadway interface and is Hereford located at ground level, noise from heavy truc ks is produced by a combination of noise from tires, engine, and exhaust, resulting in a noise source that is approximately 8 feet above the ground. The following list provides information on the types of transportation noise sources that will be part of a roadway project, and describes the type of noise each produces. 2. 6. 1 Passenger Vehicles (cars): Noise emitted from O to 2 feet above roadway, primarily from tire-roadway interface. This category includes normal passenger vehicles, small and irregularities trucks, small to mid-size sport utility vehicles, mini- and full-size assenter vans. Typical noise levels for passenger vehicles are 72 to 74 dab at 55 MPH at a distance of feet. 2. 6. Medium Trucks (MET): Noise emitted from 2 to 5 feet above roadway, combined noise from tire- roadway interface and engine exhaust noise. This category includes delivery vans, such UPS and Federal Express trucks, large sport utility vehicles with knobby tires, large dieseling trucks, some tow-trucks, city transit and school buses with under vehicle exhaust,moving vans (U-haul-type trucks), small to medium recreational motor homes and turbochar ger trucks with the exhaust located under the vehicle. Typical noise levels for mediumistic are 80 to 82 dab at 55 MPH at 50 feet. . 6. 3 Heavy Trucks (H T): Noise emitted from 6 to 8 feet above the roadway surface, combined noise sources includes tire-roadway interface, engine noise, and exhaust stack noise. This category includes all log-haul tractor-trailers (semi-trucks), large tow trucks, dump trucks, cement mixers, large transit buses, motor homes with exhaust located at top of vehicle, and other vehicles with the exhaust located above the vehicle (typical exhaust height of 12 10th feet). Typical Jose levels for heavy trucks are 84 to 86 dab at 55 MPH at 50 feet 2. 2. 6. Road Noise Arises from Three Sources on Vehicles: * propulsion noise (engine, power train, exhaust and intake systems) Tire/road contact noise * Aerodynamic noise The engine noise is the dominant source at lower speeds (under km/h for passenger cars / under km/h for lorries), tire noise dominates above that, a nd aerodynamic noise becomes louder as a function of the vehicle speed. 2. 7 Traffic Noise Mitigation In theory, there are a number of options that can be used to reduce or mitigate traffic noise. These include traffic management, highway design, and noise barriers including earthen beers. In reality, noise mitigation is often infeasible due to space requirements, aesthetic issues and financial costs, or because the costs o;sigh the benefits. Any specific mitigation measure recommended as part of a project must be feasible and have a reasonable cost in relation to the benefit. Potential mitigation measures are described below. 2. 7. 1 Traffic Management Traffic management measures include modification Of speed limits and restricting or prohibiting truck traffic. Restricting truck use on a given roadway loud reduce noise levels at nearby receivers since trucks are louder than cars.

Which Type of US Visa Is Right for You

Which Type of US Visa Is Right for You Citizens of most foreign countries must obtain a visa to enter the U.S. There are two general classifications of U.S. visas: nonimmigrant visas for temporary stays, and immigrant visas to live and work permanently in the U.S.   Temporary Visitors:  Nonimmigrant US Visas Temporary visitors to the U.S. must obtain a nonimmigrant visa. This type of visa allows you to travel to a U.S. port-of-entry. If you are a citizen of a country thats part of the Visa Waiver Program, you may come to the U.S. without a visa if you meet certain requirements. There are a number of reasons why someone would come to the U.S. on a temporary visa, including tourism, business, medical treatment and certain types of temporary work. The State Department lists the most common U.S. visa categories for temporary visitors. These include: Australian (E-3) in Specialty OccupationBorder Crossing Card - Mexican TravelersBusiness, Tourist, and VisitorsChile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ProfessionalDiplomats and Government OfficialsExchange VisitorsFiancà ©(e) to Marry U.S. Citizen/SpouseInternational Organizations NATOMedia JournalistsMexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional WorkerReligious WorkersSingapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ProfessionalStudentsTemporary Workers OverviewTreaty Traders Treaty InvestorsVisa Renewals Living  and Working in the U.S. Permanently: Immigrant US Visas To live permanently in the U.S., an immigrant visa is required. The first step is to petition the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to allow the beneficiary to apply for an immigrant visa. Once approved, the petition is forwarded to the National Visa Center for processing. The National Visa Center then provides instructions regarding forms, fees, and other required documents to complete the visa application.  Learn more about  US visas  and find out what you need to do to file for one. The major immigrant US visa categories include: Immediate RelativesSpecial ImmigrantsFamily-sponsoredEmployer-sponsored Source: The U.S. Department of State